Eating in the off-season: What should (and shouldn't!) change

As the summer nears, this means off-season for some athletes. I have plenty of athletes who are concerned about what less training will do to their bodies - and therefore fitness level and overall performance - if they do not adjust food intake accordingly. But what should be adjusted? Here are 5 things that should change and 1 that shouldn't:

1. Decrease carbohydrate intake
Since carbohydrate is your body's main exercise fuel, less exercise means less of a need for carbohydrate. So, slightly decrease your portions of grains and fruit at each meal. Do not completely cut out these foods, but do decrease the amount. For example, instead of having 1/3 plate of grains, instead choose 1/8-1/4 plate of grains (depending on your overall goals).

Eating Tips for the Pregnant Athlete

 

Pregnancy no longer means stopping all exercise. Nowadays, with the okay of a doctor, women can keep exercising right up until they deliver. This is great, but also poses questions about eating. If you are pregnant and exercising, here are a few things to keep in mind.

1. Without exercise, you need to add approximately 300 Kcal per day during the second trimester and 300-500 Kcal per day during the third trimester for proper growth of the baby. So, should you choose to keep exercising, be sure to increase intake too. Pregnancy is not a time to lose weight.

4 Reasons You Should Eat Squash This Fall

The butternut squash is ready to be harvested in our garden. There is no arguing that fall is upon us. Squash is a common staple around Thanksgiving, but why should you start eating it now? Here are few reasons squash is a fantastic nutritional choice:

1. It's low calorie

This makes it a great choice because it means those with higher calorie needs can eat more volume (and who doesn't like that)? Those with lower calorie needs can trust that this is a smart option that won't tip the scales. Use it as a perfect substitute for white potatoes.

2. It's full of Vitamin A

Vitamin A is powerful anti-oxidant whose beneficial properties have only been seen when eaten (versus supplemented). In addition, Vitamin A is important for healthy eyesight - especially night vision. 

3. It's high in B-Vitamins

Essential to fueling metabolic processes, b-vitamins are plentiful in squash. Make sure you get your metabolism revving by incorporating squash.

4. It's versatile

You can find a large variety of squash, including butternut, acorn and spaghetti squash. From that, you can make dishes such as butternut squash pizza (sub squash for sauce and/or use as a topping), pasta (sub spaghetti squash for the noodles) or butternut squash lasagna (sub squash for sauce). You can even toast the seeds as a great source of fiber.

Looking for a tasty recipe for your own newly-harvested (or purchased) butternut squash? Here is one that will bring the family to the table:

Butternut Squash and Spinach Risotto

Serves: 2

Ingredients:

10 oz butternut squash

1 large red onion

2 cloves garlic

1 red bell pepper

3.5 oz fresh spinach

Handful of flat leaf parsley

1 tsp olive oil

7 oz arborio risotto rice

1 pint vegetable stock

black pepper, to taste

1. Peel the squash, scrape out seeds and cut into cubes around 1/2 inch across (note, you need 10 oz AFTER peeling)

2. Finely chop onion, garlic and red pepper.

3. Heat oil in a large, heavy-based saucepan.

4. Fry the squash, onion, garlic and red pepper together over a low/medium heat until the squash starts to soften.

5. Add the rice and stock; simmer 15-20 minutes (check instructions on your rice), stirring frequently and adding additional hot water as required to keep the rice from boiling dry.

6. Season liberally with black pepper.

7. Once rice is cooked, add spinach and fresh parsley and stir it through until the leaves wilt. Serve immediately.

Picture & Recipe Source: http://blog.rachelcotterill.com/2013/11/butternut-squash-spinach-risotto.html

Be Extraordinary,

RDKate

Four Warm Foods to Fight the Never-Ending Cold

As I sit here in my office in Chicago-area, it is snowing outside. Last I checked it was March. So, Mother Nature...what gives?! Two can play at this game. Here are four warm foods to combat this cold weather.

1. Sweet potatoes
Sweet potatoes are not only delicious but full of immune-enhancing nutrients (a good idea in the cold weather). Whether baked, microwaved, pan-fried in slices, or baked wedge-style in the oven, they make a warm, sweet treat full of Vitamins A and C and fiber. Here is one of my personal favorite recipes that involves sweet potatoes. I make this at least 3 times a month because it is easy, fast and super healthy...not to mention delicious.

Sweet Potato and Lentil Soup
Source: All Recipes...with a few modifications
Yield: 6 Servings

Performance-Enhancing Christmas Delicacies

Christmas food that is both tasty and performance-enhancing?! Shut the front door!

...It's true. Christmas is one week from today. Cozy up next to these delicious holiday foods to enjoy some performance-enhancing benefits. The trick, of course, it to watch the portion size. Did I just rain on your parade? Don't leave just yet. Read on for Christmas happiness....

1. Dark-chocolate covered Berries
Why did I start with chocolate? Because I'm normal. Who wouldn't start with chocolate? Berries - strawberries, blueberries, raspberries and cherries - are chock full of antioxidants, which are shown to decrease inflammation in the body when incorporated via food. Covered in dark chocolate you get the extra anti-inflammatory benefit of the cocoa. So enjoy these, but stick to a handful at most.

2. Cinnamon Sweet potatoes
Okay, back to dinner food. One sweet potato boasts 3 grams of fiber, 283% of your daily need for Vitamin A and just 85 Calories. Topped with cinnamon you get added - yup - anti-inflammatory benefits. That should make your muscles feel better already.

Vitamins, Protein, Water: Can too much be bad?

When it comes to "good nutrition", the attitude seems to be that if a little is good then more must be better. But of course nutrition couldn't be that black and white. Not everything is best in large quantities.

1. Vitamins and Minerals
Multivitamins as well as individual vitamin and mineral supplements are very popular among athletes. They are often used as an "insurance policy" in case needed amounts are not met with food. While this may not seem harmful, some vitamins and minerals in large quantities are in fact harmful. Two examples are Vitamins A and E. The theory was that vitamins A and E from food act as antioxidants in the body, so taking supplemental vitamin A and E should only enhance this effect and provide further protection. However, a meta-analysis showed that in high quantities, supplemental doses actually increased rather than decreased risk of death - Vitamin A by 16% and Vitamin E by 4%. One reason is that these are both fat-soluble vitamins, which means they more easily build up in the body rather than being excreted, as seen with water-soluble Vitamin C (1).

Athlete Dads: Why you should grill this Father's Day Weekend

With the summer season here, it is prime grilling time.  And what better weekend to do this than Father's Day weekend? Whether you are the dad taking the lead or the son grilling up something special for the occasion, you are making a great choice! Grilling is a healthy way to prepare food for many reasons.

1. Grilling decreases fat
Instead of cooking in fat, the fat drips off of the food, which decreases the overall fat content of the meat.

2. Grilling retains moisture
Grilling sears the food, which helps retain moisture. This means added fats such as butter are unnecessary, which further helps to reduce total calories.

Nutrient Dense vs. Energy Dense: What's the difference?

Any of you who follow nutrition articles know that registered dietitians often recommending a "nutrient dense" eating pattern. But what is that exactly and which foods fit the bill? How do they differ from "energy dense" foods? As an athlete or active individual, why should you care?

Nutrient Dense
Nutrient dense simply means that in a relatively small quantity of a food, there is a large amount of vitamins and minerals. So, nutritionally you get more "bang for your buck". Nutrient dense foods are important because all metabolic processes in our body rely on adequate levels of vitamins and minerals - especially B-vitamins and Iron and Calcium. If you are an athlete, your body will stay better hydrated, recover more quickly and more efficiently use the food you eat if your intake is based on mainly nutrient dense foods. So which foods are nutrient dense? Here is a short list:

-100% Whole-grain or 100% whole wheat (WW) sources of carbohydrates, such as WW breads, pastas, rices, and rolls. A few great products are Raisin Bran, Kashi cereals, Triscuits, and Rhodes whole wheat bread varieties.
-Lean sources of protein such as grilled chicken, lean ground beef or steak, baked/broiled fish, tuna, beans, and tofu.
-Low-fat dairy sources such as low-fat milk, cottage cheese or yogurt. Greek yogurt is one example of a great product, though make sure it is not loaded with added sugar (same goes for regular yogurts).
-All fresh and dried fruits and vegetables or canned fruits in their own juice (drain the juice).
-Good sources of polyunsaturated fats such as salmon, walnuts, almonds, avocado and flaxseed.

Energy Dense
Energy dense means that in a relatively small quantity of food, there is a large amount of energy...or calories. There may or may not be a large amount of vitamins or minerals...though, typically this phrase is attached to foods that are low in vitamins and minerals and high in calories. Examples include cakes, cookies, ice cream, candy and other sweets as well as chips, fried foods, soda pop, juice drinks and coffee drinks. While foods such as avocado, dried fruit and nuts are in fact energy dense (small volume = high calories), they are also nutrient dense so are a great choice for athletes. Energy dense foods may more quickly replace calories burned during activity, but they lack the valuable nutrients needed for the body's repair and recovery. In addition, these foods tend to be high in saturated and trans fats, which are pro-inflammatory and place the body at an increased risk for illness and injury.

If you love your energy dense foods, choose them carefully. Plan to have 1-2 energy dense foods per week, but be sure to have them on off-days (preferably the day after competition versus the day before) and in small quantities. While they may taste good, they aren't doing any good for your body.

Until next week....Be Extraordinary,


RDKate

Bars, Bars, Everywhere: Picking the Best One!

Dear Readers,

Today please enjoy a guest blog by Carrie Banner Aprik, MS, RD. She is the owner of Nutrition4Motion, and is the consulting dietitian for Oakland University Athletics, Michigan State University Sports & Cardiovascular Nutrition, and elite figure skaters at the Detroit Skating Club. She also teaches an introductory nutrition course at Michigan State University.

Be Extraordinary,

RDKate
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On the list of most common questions I get as a sports dietitian, “what’s the best bar?” ranks among the most frequent. Bars – which refer to protein bars, snack bars, granola bars, meal bars, cereal bars, etcetera – can be a useful tool for athletes who often are pressed for time and need quick and easy foods that travel well and taste good.  The answer to the “best bar” question depends on what role the bar plays in the athlete’s diet. The athlete should first ask themselves:

         

Are you looking for a meal replacement? Meal component? Or snack?

            When are you eating it? Pre-workout? Post-workout? Or some other time?

            What nutrients do you need more of – carbohydrates or protein?

           

Who knew picking out a bar could be so involved?!

For athletes, bars that provide enough calories to replace an entire meal are hard to come by. A male college athlete, for example, may need to consume upwards of 800 calories per meal. Would a meal replacement bar fill him up? Certainly not! For most active people, even those without extreme calorie needs, bars should more appropriately serve as additions to a meal, and contribute additional nutrients that are lacking in that meal. Every brand of bar contains different amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Some are even enriched with vitamins, minerals, and/or fiber. Here are some meal examples:

In this meal, the bar provides additional carbohydrate and fat:

-4 oz grilled chicken w/1 tbsp Italian dressing

-1 cup steamed vegetables

-8 oz low fat milk

-1 small apple

-1 package Nature Valley Oats ‘n Honey Granola Bar

 

In this meal, the bar provides additional carbohydrates, protein, and fat:

-6 oz fat free Greek yogurt

-1 cup roasted vegetables

-1/2 cup fruit salad

-1 small baked potato

-1 Kashi GoLean Roll bar

          Pre- and post-workout snacks should have a 3:1 or 4:1 ratio of carbohydrate to protein. Certain bars on their own can be used to achieve this ratio, or in addition other food. Bars used as snacks at other times of the day should be chosen based on calorie needs. For example, those looking to control body weight should choose bars that are high in fiber, and low in added sugar and calories. Below is a table of my favorite bars and their nutrient contents. It is important to remember that there is no “magical” bar (no matter what the health food store tells you) that will instantly turn you into an all-star athlete. Only the right combination of nutrition and training can do that! A registered dietitian can help you plan meals and snacks with the right bars for your calorie needs, taste buds, and schedule.

 

	Calories	Carbohydrate (g)	Protein (g)	Fat (g)	Fiber (g)	Other nutrients*
Nature Valley Oats ‘n Honey Bar	190	29	4	6	2	Small amount of Iron
Kashi GoLean Roll Bar	190	27	12	5	6	Good source of 5 vitamins & minerals; moderate amount of 4 vitamins & minerals; small amount of potassium
Luna Bar	170	27	8	5	5	Good source 19 vitamins & minerals; moderate amount of 5 vitamins & minerals; small amount of potassium
Clif Bar	230	44	9	3.5	5	Good source of 8 vitamins & minerals; Moderate amount of 14 vitamins & minerals, small amounts of chromium & potassium
Soy Joy	130	16	4	6	2	Small amounts of potassium, vit A, calcium, & iron
Power Bar Performance Energy Bar	230	45	8	3.5	2	Good source of vit C, calcium, & iron; moderate amount of thiamin & riboflavin, small amount of potassium
Nature Valley Trail Mix Bar	140	25	3	4	3	Small amount of iron
Kind Bar	180	23	3	10	2.5	Moderate amount of vit C & calcium; small amount of iron

*Small amount = <10% of daily value

 Moderate amount = > 10-20% daily value

 Good source of = > 20% daily value

 

Fall into Fitness: 5 Seasonal Fruits & Veggies!

Dear readers:
Today please enjoy a guest blog post by a former intern, Maggie.

Be extraordinary,

RDKate
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Love the flavors of fall foods but don’t want to derail the fitness and nutrition regimens you’ve worked so hard to maintain all summer? Autumn brings with it a new line-up of all star fruits and vegetables that are sure to keep you fueled up while looking and feeling great.  This may actually be the perfect time to reintroduce fruits and vegetables that you may have forgotten about during the summer back to your kitchen! Use autumn as an inspiration for healthy snacks and your diet will be as nutritious as the leaves are colorful!

 

 

1.      Apples. Cider mills and apple orchards that open for the season are great places to find these seasonal superstars. Whether you like a spectacularly sweet Honey Crisp apple or prefer the crunchy crisp texture of an Empire, they are all great sources of vitamin A, which is essential for vision health. Leave the peal on for extra fiber! Pair apple slices with peanut butter or spread apple butter on Tricuits.

 

2.      Pumpkin. Of course fall would not be complete without picking out the perfect pumpkin to decorate your table with or in my case opting for any food “pumpkin flavored” (pumpkin spice latte anyone?), what you may not know is that pumpkin is incredibly rich in antioxidants and vitamins. It is packed with vitamin E and beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A in the body. Be sure not to forget about the seeds either, ¼ cup contains nearly 50% of the daily value recommended for magnesium, known to maintain normal muscle and nerve function. Try sprinkling pumpkin seeds into yogurt as a post-work out snack.  My personal favorite pumpkin combination is adding 2 Tbsp of pumpkin puree to cooked oatmeal topped with dried cranberries and sprinkled with cinnamon for a breakfast that tastes absolutely fall-tastic!

 

3.      Winter Squash. October also begins the winter squash season, unlike its summer counterpart; the winter variety has a slightly sweeter flavor and is a great complement to cinnamon and ginger. Similar to other richly colored vegetables, squash is an excellent source of carotenes. It seems as the richer the color, the higher the concentration. It offers vitamins B1, B6 and C, along with fiber and potassium. You can’t go wrong by grilling it and including it on sandwiches or baking it along with other vegetables as a side dish.  Those following a gluten-free diet can also enjoy spaghetti squash in place of pasta.

 

4.      Sweet Potato. Do common potatoes have you less than enthused about creating a dinner side dish? Give these beta-carotene powerhouses a try.  Not only will you be getting 30% of your daily value of fiber in a single serving, but your metabolism will also get a boost from the manganese found in this vegetable. Sweet potatoes contain important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have shown to lower the potential health risk posed by oxygen radicals when passing through the digestive tract. Homemade sweet potato fries are a sure way to get any kid to eat their vegetables and a great source of carbohydrate for athletes looking to add variety to their meals during training.

 

5.      Pomegranates.  Who knew this slightly sour fruit is at its peak from August to December? A great source of vitamin C, folate and potassium, pomegranates can be enjoyed in a surprising number of delicious ways. Try adding the seeds to a salad for a sweet crunch or guzzle a glass of pomegranate juice. You will be upping your antioxidant content because of the high amount of polyphenols they contain, that protect against cardiovascular disease, cancer and osteoporosis. If you start by cutting off the blossom of the pomegranate and submerge it in cold water you can easily rub the seeds off of the skin to avoid a mess.

5 Fantastic Fall Foods

I'm so excited to say that fall has arrived! The nighttime lows are a dead give-away that cooler temperatures during the day will soon follow....I hope. Fall is a fabulous time for foodies. So much wonderful produce is in season, providing the starting point to some tasty creations in the kitchen. Here are 5 fall foods that are packed with health-boosting nutrients for both athletes and non-athletes:

Pumpkins
The orange color is a good hint that pumpkins are filled with beta-carotene, which is converted to Vitamin A in the body. Vitamin A plays an essential role in vision, cell differentiation and growth. Vitamin A is also one of the major antioxidants in the body (along with vitamins C & E), and so plays an imperative role in muscle recovery and repair after training. Pumpkins also contain ~3 grams of fiber and 560mg of potassium per cup.

Pumpkin seeds

These little seeds are packed full of nutrients! Pumpkin seeds are a great source of mono-unsaturated fat, protein (including the amino acids tryptophan and glutamate), vitamin E, manganese, and zinc. As mentioned above, vitamin E is an important antioxidant that aids with the removal of free radicals from muscles after training. Consumption of mono-unsaturated fats (MUFAs) has been shown to decrease LDL cholesterol (the bad cholesterol) in the body.

Figs
Did you know there are over 600 different types of figs? They can be eaten whole and raw (seeds and skin too!). Figs are unique in that they have the highest calcium content of any fruit. At ~12% of daily value, or DV, which equals 120mg per 1/2 cup, figs are considered a good food source of calcium (between 10-19% of DV). Calcium is a main contributor to bone health (along with its sidekick vitamin D) and reduces the risk of osteoporosis. These little fruits are also a great source of fiber.

Apples
There are hundreds of different kinds of apples. Like many of the foods here, apples are also a great source of fiber (one apple contains ~4gm). One important nutrient they contain is vitamin C - another one of those powerhouse antioxidants! Vitamin C plays a significant role in collagen synthesis, which is a structural protein found in skin, bones, tendons, and cartilage (good to know if you are an athlete!). But make sure you eat the skin of apple as almost half of the vitamin C content is contained right under the skin.

Sweet Potatoes/Yams
Just like pumpkins, the orange color gives away that these are a great source of beta-carotene or vitamin A. When eaten with the skin on, a medium sweet potato has 4x the amount of beta-carotene recommended daily! Note that vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, so be sure to enjoy your sweet potato or yam with a small amount of fat (such as trans-fat free butter) to enhance its absorption. Other great nutrients in the potato/yam include vitamin C, fiber, manganese, and complex carbohydrates. Manganese is a trace mineral in the body that plays a role in fat and carbohydrate metabolism and blood sugar regulation.

Do you have a favorite recipe that incorporates any of the above foods? I'd love to hear about it - Please comment below!

Be Extraordinary,


RDKate

5 Ways to Fight Flu Season with Food

Whether or not we want to admit it, pharmacy advertisements for flu shots are a tell-tale sign that flu season will soon be upon us. That nasty virus comes back each year to wreak havoc on our bodies and neatly-planned training schedules. Fortunately, your food choices on a daily basis can have a huge impact on your likeliness of being sidelined by the flu (or any cold in general). Starting today, follow these five guidelines to assure you are able to train and compete throughout the entire fall and winter season: 

1. Hydrate!
While proper hydration is key for many reasons, it becomes especially important for the prevention of illness. As the weather turns colder, it's natural to not think about drinking fluids as frequently. However, a properly hydrated body can better transport essential nutrients to muscles and organs for proper functioning and recovery. Should you contract either the stomach flu or even a mild fever, hydration should be a top priority. Oral rehydration products such as sports drinks or Pedialyte may be a good way to avoid dehydration if symptoms are severe.

2. ACE it
Antioxidants may be your best defense against inflammation and stress within the body. Vitamins A, C, and E (ACE) are the power players in this category. To make sure you are meeting your needs each day, aim to eat a fruit or vegetable with every meal and snack. The darker the fruit or veggie, the higher it is in antioxidants (i.e dark, green, leafy vegetables, carrots, peppers, berries or oranges). Decreasing daily stress within your body is a key way to help it better fight off any potential threats to your immune system.

3. Consider Carbohydrate
Be sure to use carbohydrate-containing foods and/or beverages before, during, and after intense training or competitions. The body's stress hormones are at their highest after this type of exercise bout. Fueling your body properly with adequate carbohydrates will provide protection during this vulnerable time, decreasing the negative effect of stress hormones on your body.

4. Fuel, Refuel Recharge
In addition to proper carbohydrate supplementation during exercise, it is essential to maintain a well-balanced diet throughout the entire day. Include adequate carbohydrate, protein, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals. For most athletes, this includes eating at least every 3-4 hours to meet the body's training and recovery needs. Committing to good nutrition on a daily basis will assure your immune system is functioning at its best.

5. Supplement Smart
Unfortunately, there are no supplements guaranteed to prevent a cold or flu. However, at the first sign of illness, research has shown that two supplements may help decrease the severity and duration of the cold: zinc lozenges and vitamin C tablets. Begin sucking on zinc lozenges at the first sign of an impending illness, but limit length of use to no more than 1 week and don't use on an empty stomach. Note that citrus juice interferes with zinc absorption, so avoid it 30 min before and after using a lozenge. When taking vitamin C, limit each dose to 500 mg max for a total of 1000mg max daily. Anything above this amount is not efficiently absorbed and will simply be excreted in the urine.

Of course there are many flu-prevention behaviors you should keep in mind in addition to diet. Don't underestimate the value of proper sleep (ideally an average of 7-9 hours uninterrupted sleep per night), washing your hands, getting a flu shot, and keeping daily stressors to a minimum. If you feel like you are coming down with something, it is better to err on the side of caution and take a rest day. Overtraining and chronic fatigue only creates extra stress, which makes it more difficult for your body to mount an attack on the pending virus.

Be Extraordinary,


RDKate