Eating in the off-season: What should (and shouldn't!) change

As the summer nears, this means off-season for some athletes. I have plenty of athletes who are concerned about what less training will do to their bodies - and therefore fitness level and overall performance - if they do not adjust food intake accordingly. But what should be adjusted? Here are 5 things that should change and 1 that shouldn't:

1. Decrease carbohydrate intake
Since carbohydrate is your body's main exercise fuel, less exercise means less of a need for carbohydrate. So, slightly decrease your portions of grains and fruit at each meal. Do not completely cut out these foods, but do decrease the amount. For example, instead of having 1/3 plate of grains, instead choose 1/8-1/4 plate of grains (depending on your overall goals).

Does coconut oil improve athletic performance?

As coconut oil has gained in popularity, articles written on the possible health benefits of this oil have skyrocketed. Coconut oil has been labeled as everything from a weight loss supplement to a cure for cancer and facial moisturizer. Yet, the numbers of reliable clinical trials to back up these claims are scarce. In this post I am going to focus on a claim targeted towards athletes: “coconut oil improves athletic performance”… doesn’t it?

Coconut oil is primarily made up of saturated fats. There are three categories of saturated fats: short chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acids, and long chain fatty acids. The length of chain refers to the number of carbon atoms present, 6 or fewer (short), 8-10 (medium), or 12 or more (long). Coconut oil contains 63% medium chain saturated fatty acids, 30% long chain saturated fatty acids, and 7% long chain unsaturated fatty acids. Primarily made up of saturated fats, this composition sets coconut oil apart from other oils, especially in the oil’s medium chain triglyceride (MCT) content. Many researchers believe the MCT content is what gives coconut oil health-boosting properties.

The abbreviation, MCT, may sound familiar. Like coconut oil, MCT oil has emerged as a dietary supplement. While MCTs are naturally present in coconut oil, palm oil, human breast milk, and full fat cows or goats milk, pure MCT oil is hydrolyzed from palm and coconut oil.

Medium chain triglycerides are more readily absorbed in the intestines compared to long chain triglycerides. For this reason, MCT supplementation is commonly prescribed to cystic fibrosis or epilepsy patients, and those with conditions that affect nutrient absorption in the intestines.

Some scientists claim that replacing long chain triglycerides with MCTs in one’s diet can aid in weight loss through fat oxidation and improved thermogenesis. Compared to LCTs, a meta-analyses published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found a diet including MCTs over an average of ten weeks reduced total body fat, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat as well as waist and hip circumferences. However, no significant difference in blood lipids was found between diets containing LCTs or MCTs. While a diet high in MCTs may actually help with fat loss, MCTs are just as high in calories as other fats. Therefore, if not consumed in moderation, MCTs can cause weight gain. 

With easier absorption plus increased fat oxidation and thermogenesis, can MCT oil improve athlete performance? Many internet articles claim MCT oil to be beneficial to endurance athletes. Websites such as rebootedbody.com want to convince you that MCT oil supplementation is a must for athletic performance; however, four published clinical trials say otherwise.

The first study published in the International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism measured the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and maximum aerobic capacity (VO2) in eight ultra-endurance cyclists. The cyclists performed at timed intervals on two separate occasions. During the first set of timed intervals, the cyclists were given either 75g of carbohydrate or 32g of pure MCT oil, followed by 200mL of a 20% carbohydrate solution or a 4.3% MCT + 10% carbohydrate solution every 20 minutes during the intervals. Results found no difference in RER or V02 between the MCT and carbohydrate trials. GI symptoms occurred in 50% of the MCT trials.

The second study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition included seven cyclists that performed four separate exercise trials while consuming either a 10% carbohydrate solution, 10% carbohydrate-electrolyte + 5% MCT solution, a 5% MCT solution, or a placebo. Results found no differences in performance between the carbohydrate, carbohydrate + MCT, and placebo solutions. However, the MCT solution had a negative effect on performance with a 17-18% lower rate than the other solutions. Plus, the carbohydrate + MCT and MCT-only solutions did not raise the rates of fat or carbohydrate oxidation or utilization. GI symptoms occurred in association with MCT solutions.

The third study published in the Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness assessed trained runners that performed a maximal and endurance treadmill test after consuming a dietary supplement containing either 56g of corn (LCT) oil or 60g of MCT oil for two weeks. After the tests, the runner’s blood was taken to measure blood concentrations of lactate, glucose, beta-HBA, free fatty acids, glycerol, and triacylglycerols. Respiratory exchange rate (RER) was measured during exercise and performance was measured by length of run before exhaustion.  Results found no difference in blood concentrations between the LCT and MCT trials. No significant difference in RER or performance was found between the two trials.

The fourth study published in the International Journal of Sports Nutrition measured blood concentrations of free fatty acids and beta-HBA, and exercise performance in 9 cyclists consuming either a 10% carbohydrate solution, 10% carbohydrate + 1.72% MCT, or 10% carbohydrate + 3.44% MCT solution. Cyclists consumed 400ml at the start of exercise and an additional 100ml every 10 minutes. Results found the consumption of MCT solutions raised blood concentrations of free fatty acids and beta-HBA. There was no difference in performance between the carbohydrate and carbohydrate + MCT groups. No gastrointestinal symptoms were reported.

The bottom line: coconut oil is a 90% saturated oil with a high MCT content. MCTs have potential health benefits, and can be hydrolyzed from coconut oil to produce pure MCT oil. Currently, research does not support that coconut oil or pure MCT oil supplementation enhances athletic performance.

This post written by: Ellen Wittneben, RDKate Dietetic Intern

Your Nutrition Coach,

RDKate

Did the low-fat era make us fat? PBS. 2008. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/diet/themes/lowfat.html. Accessed March 17, 2016.

St-Onge, M-P, Bosarge, A, Goree, LLT, Darnell, B. Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil Consumption as Part of a Weight Loss Diet Does Not Lead to an Adverse Metabolic Profile When Compared to Olive Oil. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2008;27(5):547–552.

Goedecke, JH, Clark, VR, Noakes, TD, Lambert, EV. The effects of medium-chain triacylglycerol and carbohydrate ingestion on ultra-endurance exercise performance. International journal of sports nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2005;15(1):15–27. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15902986. Accessed March 17, 2016.

Jeukendrup, AE, Thielen, JJ, Wagenmakers, AJ, Brouns, SF, Saris, WH. Effect of medium-chain triacylglycerol and carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on substrate utilization and subsequent cycling performance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1998;67(3):397–404. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497182. Accessed March 17, 2016.

Misell, LM, Lagomarcino, ND, Schuster, V, Kern, M. Chronic medium-chain triacylglycerol consumption and endurance performance in trained runners. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2001;41(2):210–215.

Goedecke, JH, Elmer-English, R, Dennis, SC, Scholss, I, Noakes, TD, Lambert, EV. Effects of medium-chain triaclyglycerol ingested with carbohydrate on metabolism and exercise performance. International Journal of Sports Nutrition. 1999;9(1):35–47.

Mumme, K, Stonehouse, W. Effects of Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Weight Loss and Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2015;115(2):249–263.

Picture source

Check out these easy Thanksgiving swaps to save on calories!

Eating healthy on Thanksgiving doesn't have to difficult. While the day is traditionally filled with way too many calories, help yourself or the athlete in your life by making these easy swaps. I wrote this post a couple of years back and decided to update and re-post because it is a good reminder of simple tips and swaps to save big on calories without sacrificing flavor. 

Turkey
Baste with low-sodium/low-fat broth or olive oil. Season with herbs and spice. While the white meat is lower in fat, the dark meat is higher in vitamins and minerals. So a little of each is okay. If your family likes to deep-fry your turkey, don't eat the skin to omit a good portion of saturated fat.

Mashed Potatoes
Substitute trans-fat free and olive oil based tub margarine for butter, sub non-fat plain Greek yogurt for sour cream and sub non- or low-fat milk for cream/whole milk. Cut the added salt by half. Consider sweet potatoes versus white, which are lower in calories and higher in vitamins and minerals. If you go the sweet potato route, spice to your heart's delight but go easy on the brown sugar or marshmallows where calories can add up quickly. Try keeping them plain enough that you can actually taste the potato. When mashing, leave in some of the potato skins, which is where most of the fiber lies.

Great Easter Eats for Athletes

With the celebration of Easter this weekend, many athletes traditionally go to breakfast or brunch. The fantastic thing about this tradition is that many common brunch foods are an excellent source of nutrition for training and recovery. Here are just a few that you should hop over to on Sunday.

1. Salmon
Salmon is a power food, packed with muscle recovering protein as well as inflammation fighting omega-3 fatty acids. All you need is 3-4 ounces (about the size of a checkbook) to get your needed nutrients.

One food you should be eating during Super Bowl XLIX

As we near this weekend, I'm sure many of you are planning your menu for the big game on Sunday night. Amid the delicious dishes you might choose, there is one ingredient you should be sure to include: avocados. Why? Avocados are packed with nutrients that are especially important for football fans....

Lutein
Lutein is an antioxidant that may help maintain eye health as we age. This antioxidant helps protect and maintain healthy cells inside the eye. One ounce of avocado contains 81 micrograms of lutein! Keep your eyes sharp during the game by getting your daily lutein!

Athlete Dads: Why you should grill this Father's Day Weekend!

With the summer season here, it is prime grilling time. And what better weekend to do this than Father's Day weekend? Whether you are the dad taking the lead or the son grilling up something special for the occasion, you are making a great choice! Grilling is a healthy way to prepare food for many reasons.

1. Grilling decreases fat
Instead of cooking in fat, the fat drips off of the food, which decreases the overall fat content of the meat.

2. Grilling retains moisture
Grilling sears the food, which helps retain moisture. This means added fats such as butter are unnecessary, which further helps to reduce total calories.

The ABCs of Pre-Training Eating

Eating before a workout is something not all athletes do. While most realize its importance, many are worried about experiencing stomach pain or other symptoms that will affect their training. Remember that pre-training eating is key to having a successful workout, where you can push your body 100% throughout the session and fully reap the benefits of that training. The solution to successful pre-training eating is to follow your ABCs.....

1. Allow enough time
Often athletes guzzle down a bottle of sports drink or nosh on an entire banana five minutes before their workout. For most, this is not enough time for the body to adequately begin the digestion process before training starts. This can result in stomach pain, exercise-induced GERD, gas, bloating or even diarrhea. During training, the body pulls fluid from the intestinal track in order to send it to the extremities. That means there isn't enough fluid for digestion if a large amount of food remains in the stomach. Therefore, allow enough time before training. Begin with 1 hour before. If you tolerate this, move up to 30-45 minutes before. The bare minimum you need to allow is 15 minutes before training to assure that the energy you eat actually makes it to your muscles for your training session. But what do you choose? Funny you should ask because point #2 is.........

Thanksgiving Swaps for less saturated fat and calories

It's that time of year again: Thanksgiving. A time for family, friends and food...lots of it. While the day is traditionally filled with way too many calories, help yourself or the athlete in your life by making these easy swaps. Little changes cut down on added sugar, saturated fat, sodium and calories...but won't sacrifice flavor. And yes - I get that this is only one day so you think you should be able to eat whatever you want. But if you can make these changes without even tasting the difference, why wouldn't you?

Turkey
Baste with low-sodium/low-fat broth or olive oil. Season with herbs and spice. While the white meat is lower in fat, the dark meat is higher in vitamins and minerals. So a little of each is okay.

Mashed Potatoes
Substitute trans-fat free tub margarine for butter, sub non-fat plain Greek yogurt for sour cream and sub non-fat milk for cream/whole milk. Cut the added salt by half. Consider sweet potatoes versus white, which are lower in calories and higher in vitamins and minerals. If you go the sweet potato route, spice to your heart's delight but go easy on the brown sugar or marshmallows where calories can add up quickly. Try keeping them plain enough that you can actually taste the potato. When mashing, leave in some of the skin, which is where most of the fiber lies.

Top 4 ways to use nutrition to prevent stress fractures in athletes

As athletes progress in their sport, both intensity and time spent in training increase. This can leave the body short on nutrients that provide protection against illness or injury. It is not uncommon for athletes to suddenly become sick or suffer from an injury after a change in their workout schedule or when transitioning from high school to collegiate athletics. Stress fractures are especially common in athletes who participate in cross country, track and field, basketball, gymnastics and tennis as a result of repeatedly striking the foot on the ground. To prevent occurrence or re-occurrence of stress fractures, athletes should allow enough time for rest between workouts and practice these four eating habits:

1. Eat to accommodate increased energy expenditure.

As exercise intensity and amount increase, so do energy needs. Increase overall caloric intake, but especially carbohydrate foods, to assure working muscles have enough fuel to recover. Some examples are: whole-wheat bread/ pasta/rice/tortillas/bagels, Triscuits, quinoa, and fruit. Also, eat the most in the beginning of the day (breakfast!) and less as the day progresses to assure muscles have sufficient energy on board heading into practice. Adequate caloric intake also means adequate vitamins and minerals to protect bones (see more in number four). 

3 Foods you should avoid before a workout

While what can and cannot be tolerated before a workout varies among athletes, there are some foods that should be avoided in the 30 minutes before a workout. This is because these foods in general will not provide enough of the appropriate energy needed by working muscles in a short enough time frame.

1. Nuts
A great source of protein and fat, nuts provide zero carbohydrate. Since carbohydrate is the muscle's preferred source of energy during a workout, this is a problem. Plus the protein, fat and fiber found in nuts will slow down digestion, which means it will take much longer for this less-than-ideal energy source to get to your working muscles. To fix this, pair nuts with dried fruit (carbohydrate source) and eat at least 60 minutes before a workout to allow time for the energy to get to your muscles.

2. Cow's/Soy Milk
While milk contains carbohydrate and protein, the ratio is not what you need before a workout (i.e. not enough carbohydrate). To fix this, choose low-fat chocolate cow's or soy milk. The added chocolate will provide carbohydrate as well as anti-inflammatory properties (from the cocoa). Assuming you can tolerate milk products, this is a great option before a workout. But make sure the chocolate milk is low-fat. Fat slows down how quickly your muscles receive the nutrients. Drink this about 45 minutes before your workout.

Athlete Dads: Why you should grill this Father's Day Weekend

With the summer season here, it is prime grilling time.  And what better weekend to do this than Father's Day weekend? Whether you are the dad taking the lead or the son grilling up something special for the occasion, you are making a great choice! Grilling is a healthy way to prepare food for many reasons.

1. Grilling decreases fat
Instead of cooking in fat, the fat drips off of the food, which decreases the overall fat content of the meat.

2. Grilling retains moisture
Grilling sears the food, which helps retain moisture. This means added fats such as butter are unnecessary, which further helps to reduce total calories.

Nut nutrition facts...in a nutshell

Nuts are a great way for athletes to add energy to their training diet that's packed with fiber, protein, and healthy fat. Because these are a very energy-dense food option, it is a great way for busy athletes to meet their caloric needs quickly and nutritiously. Did you know that eating 1.5 ounces of the nuts listed below reduces your risk of heart disease? One study also found that women aged 20-45 years old who ate nuts at least 2 times per week had a lower risk of weight gain and obesity over an 8-year follow-up period than those women who ate nuts less frequently.

Are you aware of the huge variety of nuts? It's not just about peanuts, almonds and walnuts anymore. Read on to learn about the variety of nutritious nuts out there.

Note: 1 oz varies from ~160-200 Calories. A good rule of thumb is to substitute nuts for food sources of saturated fat in the diet (i.e. fried foods, full butter, commercial baked goods, etc.).

Cashews (1 oz serving = ~18)
Source of: copper and magnesium
Flavor: slightly sweet
Use: as a snack - raw or roasted - or added to Asian dishes

Eating Fast Food: Meals that Work

Try as we might, there just comes a time when fast food may be the only option. Perhaps it is when you are running from one practice to the next with only 15 minutes to eat or when you have 20 minutes to eat dinner before a late-night meeting. Knowing what to order can ease your confusion, worry and stress. Fast food doesn't have to ruin your training, provided you choose wisely and stick to only one time a day only once in a while. So here are some options.............

Breakfast
McDonalds: Egg McMuffin, snack-size fruit & walnut tray, black coffee [510 Kcal, 61gm carb, 21 gm protein, 20 gm fat (6gm saturated)] 

Starbucks: Turkey bacon and white cheddar classic breakfast sandwich, 16 oz. caffe latte with nonfat milk and sugar-free syrup (if desired) [460 Kcal, 63 gm carb, 30gm protein, 7gm fat (2 gm saturated)]

Panera: Steel cut oatmeal with strawberries & pecans, 16 oz. cappuccino [440 Kcal, 57 gm carb, 14 gm protein, 18.5 gm fat (4.5 gm saturated)]

Lunch
McDonald's: Premium grilled chicken classic sandwich, fruit & yogurt parfait, side salad with oil-based dressing on side (i.e. Balsamic Vinaigrette), water [520 Kcal, 75 gm carb, 33 gm protein, 11gm fat (3 gm saturated)]

Subway: 6" roast beef on 9-grain wheat with Swiss cheese, plenty of veggies and olive oil blend; pair with 1 pkg apple slices, water [455 Kcal, 54 gm carb, 28 gm protein, 14 gm fat (5 gm saturated)] 

Einstein Bagels: Tuscan chicken pesto bagel thin sandwich, fruit and yogurt parfait, water [510 Kcal, 66 gm carb, 32 gm protein, 14 gm fat (4.5 gm saturated)] **this place has terrible food from a nutritional perspective; it was hard to find a meal that worked here!

Dinner
Noodles & Co.: Small Bangkok Curry with sauteed shrimp, side salad with fat-free Asian vinaigrette, side of edamame, water [475 Kcal, 60 gm carb, 28 gm protein, 13 gm fat (5 gm saturated)]

Chipotle: Burrito bowl with chicken, brown rice, tomato salsa, fajita veggies and lettuce; water, and bring a piece of fruit from home... [395 Kcal, 56 gm carb, 37 gm protein, 11 gm fat (3 gm saturated)] **Do not recommend eating here if you are watching your sodium intake!

Wendy's: Large chili, side salad with pomegranate vinaigrette dressing and no croutons, 1 pkg apple slices, unsweetened iced tea [430 kcal, 53 gm carb, 27 gm protein, 13 gm fat (4 gm saturated)] **Again this is also relatively high in sodium compared to other choices listed above!

In order to keep the macronutrient and sodium levels reasonable, notice that overall total calories often is low at only 400-500 Kcal. Your needs per meal are dependant on your body weight, current training regimen and performance goals. So, only use these meal options as a guideline. What I often tell my athletes is to keep healthy sides with them - in the car or office - so that they can start with one of the base meals above and then add things like fruit, veggies or unsalted nuts to increase the overall caloric intake without overdoing it on sodium and saturated fat.

Be Extraordinary,


RDKate

5 Foods to Always Have on Hand

As hard as we try, sometimes we just run out of time to meal plan. To make sure you can throw together something quick and healthy even when the pantry is bare, here are 5 shelf-stable foods to always have on hand. Buy them in bulk; stock up. With these, you'll be good to go regardless of what meal it is.

1. Quinoa
Besides being quick and easy to make, this grain doubles as a great protein source at 8 grams per cup (as much as 1 cup of milk). Toss in some dried fruit or cooked veggies with nuts and you have a nice meal for lunch or dinner.

2. Frozen veggies
While fresh veggies are great, the nutrient content isn't necessarily highest when compared to frozen or canned. Frozen veggies are frozen right after they are picked, sealing in the nutrients. Fresh veggies, on the other hand, may have been shipped across the country over a period of days, resulting in much of the nutrients being lost. Choose frozen veggies that are not in sauces and the darker the better. Try frozen spinach, carrots, peppers, or broccoli. Toss into pastas or...quinoa perhaps? And don't be fooled by the steam-in-a-bag kinds. Any frozen vegetable can be heated up in the microwave just as fast - though clearly in a bowl instead of the bag.

3. Canned or frozen fruit
Along the same lines as the veggies, frozen or canned fruit might actually be higher in nutrient content. The trick with canned fruit is to buy fruit in its own juice and drain the can before consuming. When you run out of fresh, frozen or canned is a nice emergency back-up that is still high in nutrients. One downside with canned fruits is less fiber, as most are peeled before they are canned. So, be sure to choose frozen or fresh some of the time.

4. Olive or canola oil
There is so much you can do with oils - in baking and cooking. They are a great source of energy when you don't have much on hand and help make the meal more satisfying. Making that quinoa and veggies I talked about? Toss with 1 Tbsp olive oil for a great flavor.

5. Nuts and nut butters
Well, I know technically this is two items, but I suppose I'll cheat on this one. Nuts and nut butters are a great, quick source of energy including protein and healthy fats. Buy nuts in bulk and store the extra in the freezer to lengthen the life of the nut. Look for nut butters whose ingredients are only the nut itself (no salt, sugar, preservatives, etc.) to get the best nutrition. When in a pinch, PBJs are still a great go-to and nuts can be combined with anything listed thus far for added crunch, flavor and satisfaction.

Be Extraordinary,


RDKate

Savvy Super Bowl Swaps

The "Big Game" is often known to bring along with it a big intake of calories. From deep fried boneless wings to gooey spinach artichoke dip, there is no shortage of comfort foods. Instead of throwing up your hands and assuming there is no alternative, try some of these ingredient swaps when choosing and preparing your favorite game-winning dishes. Many of these swaps can be used when cooking or baking, so keep an eye out for all opportunities. Most swaps do not result in a significant change in the flavor of your dish, which means fans won't notice a difference- unless you divulge your secrets.

Substitutes for butter, margarine, or oil
Applesauce or low sugar jam when baking
Oil spray when cooking
Low-fat broth when cooking

Dairy product substitutes
Nonfat ricotta cheese instead of regular ricotta cheese
Nonfat cottage cheese instead of regular cottage cheese
Evaporated skim milk instead of heavy whipping cream
Nonfat cream cheese instead of regular cream cheese
Nonfat/reduced fat cheese instead of regular cheese
Skim milk instead of whole milk
Nonfat yogurt instead of regular yogurt
Nonfat sour cream instead of regular sour cream
Nonfat, plain Greek yogurt instead of regular sour cream

Meat substitutes
Skinless, lean ground turkey instead of regular ground beef
Extra lean ground beef instead of regular ground beef
Skinless chicken or turkey instead of beef, steak or breaded meats

Sauces and condiments
Nonfat salad dressing instead of regular salad dressing (or go for olive/canola-oil based dressings)
Nonfat mayo for regular mayo
Nonfat Greek yogurt for regular mayo
Salsa instead of butter or dressing

Some other tips when preparing your dish:
-Consider skipping the added salt in a recipe. Most dishes are salty enough without it.
-Substitute 1/4 cup egg white substitute or 2 egg whites for each whole egg.
-Cut the amount of sugar in half or consider a sugar substitute, such as Splenda for Baking
-Cut smaller pieces or make smaller-sized cookies

Special note: Alcohol
If you choose to drink alcohol during the game, remember to follow the guideline of 1-2 drinks for men or 1 drink for women. If you choose to drink more, know that alcohol is detrimental to athletes. It acts as a diuretic, interfering with hydration status. It also interferes with recovery and suppresses the use of fat as a fuel during exercise. It not only adds additional calories, but also acts as an appetite stimulant, which may lead to even more intake. Finally, it interferes with sleeping patterns by reducing time spent in restful, deep sleep (important for proper recovery and facilitating weight changes or weight maintenance).

Here's to a great game!

Be Extraordinary,


RDKate

5 Essential Foods for 2013

Looking to jump-start your New Year's Resolution to improve fitness or body composition? Here are 5 foods full of nutrients that will help you feel more energized, ward off illness and contribute to a successful weight change program.

1. Avocado
These little green gems are a great source of monounsaturated fat, which can help lower cholesterol when eaten in place of saturated fat. Fat also helps you feel more satisfied after a meal or snack, leading to better choices the next time you eat. And did you know that the more you work out, the more fat you need in your diet? It is essential to help you replace the energy you burn as well as assist with recovery. 

2. Tofu
Tofu is a great source of protein and iron and comes in a variety of types for use in different recipes: silken, soft and firm. Great for vegetarians, tofu is one of the only plant-based foods that can stand alone as a complete protein, meaning it provides all of the essential amino acids that your body doesn't make in one tofu-rrific package. Amino acids are critical for muscle building and repair. Try each variety of tofu to discover your favorite: silken in smoothies, soft in soups, and firm in stir-frys.

3. Quinoa
Though actually a seed, quinoa is prepared like a whole grain (such as rice), but takes significantly less time (10-15 min vs. 40 min). Like tofu, it is a complete protein. It is an excellent choice for those suffering from celiac or gluten-intolerance as it is also a gluten-free grain. Add that it is a great source of protein and healthy fat and this is one powerhouse food! Quinoa can be served hot or cold, so be creative with the plethora of recipes available online.

4. Peppers
As an athlete, a big player when it comes to fighting colds and promoting recovery is antioxidants. Antioxidants help "clean up" your muscles after exercise and enhance the function of your immune system. Peppers are a great source of these antioxidant vitamins; any color will do.

5. Berries
Like peppers, berries pack an antioxidant punch. They are also a great source of carbohydrate, which helps fuel and recover your muscles for exercise.

Want to try all 5 together? How about warm quinoa with red and orange peppers and avocado served with a smoothie of silken tofu and berries? Yumm....

Here's to a great 2013!

Be Extraordinary,

RDKate

Nutrient Dense vs. Energy Dense: What's the difference?

Any of you who follow nutrition articles know that registered dietitians often recommending a "nutrient dense" eating pattern. But what is that exactly and which foods fit the bill? How do they differ from "energy dense" foods? As an athlete or active individual, why should you care?

Nutrient Dense
Nutrient dense simply means that in a relatively small quantity of a food, there is a large amount of vitamins and minerals. So, nutritionally you get more "bang for your buck". Nutrient dense foods are important because all metabolic processes in our body rely on adequate levels of vitamins and minerals - especially B-vitamins and Iron and Calcium. If you are an athlete, your body will stay better hydrated, recover more quickly and more efficiently use the food you eat if your intake is based on mainly nutrient dense foods. So which foods are nutrient dense? Here is a short list:

-100% Whole-grain or 100% whole wheat (WW) sources of carbohydrates, such as WW breads, pastas, rices, and rolls. A few great products are Raisin Bran, Kashi cereals, Triscuits, and Rhodes whole wheat bread varieties.
-Lean sources of protein such as grilled chicken, lean ground beef or steak, baked/broiled fish, tuna, beans, and tofu.
-Low-fat dairy sources such as low-fat milk, cottage cheese or yogurt. Greek yogurt is one example of a great product, though make sure it is not loaded with added sugar (same goes for regular yogurts).
-All fresh and dried fruits and vegetables or canned fruits in their own juice (drain the juice).
-Good sources of polyunsaturated fats such as salmon, walnuts, almonds, avocado and flaxseed.

Energy Dense
Energy dense means that in a relatively small quantity of food, there is a large amount of energy...or calories. There may or may not be a large amount of vitamins or minerals...though, typically this phrase is attached to foods that are low in vitamins and minerals and high in calories. Examples include cakes, cookies, ice cream, candy and other sweets as well as chips, fried foods, soda pop, juice drinks and coffee drinks. While foods such as avocado, dried fruit and nuts are in fact energy dense (small volume = high calories), they are also nutrient dense so are a great choice for athletes. Energy dense foods may more quickly replace calories burned during activity, but they lack the valuable nutrients needed for the body's repair and recovery. In addition, these foods tend to be high in saturated and trans fats, which are pro-inflammatory and place the body at an increased risk for illness and injury.

If you love your energy dense foods, choose them carefully. Plan to have 1-2 energy dense foods per week, but be sure to have them on off-days (preferably the day after competition versus the day before) and in small quantities. While they may taste good, they aren't doing any good for your body.

Until next week....Be Extraordinary,


RDKate

Bars, Bars, Everywhere: Picking the Best One!

Dear Readers,

Today please enjoy a guest blog by Carrie Banner Aprik, MS, RD. She is the owner of Nutrition4Motion, and is the consulting dietitian for Oakland University Athletics, Michigan State University Sports & Cardiovascular Nutrition, and elite figure skaters at the Detroit Skating Club. She also teaches an introductory nutrition course at Michigan State University.

Be Extraordinary,

RDKate
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On the list of most common questions I get as a sports dietitian, “what’s the best bar?” ranks among the most frequent. Bars – which refer to protein bars, snack bars, granola bars, meal bars, cereal bars, etcetera – can be a useful tool for athletes who often are pressed for time and need quick and easy foods that travel well and taste good.  The answer to the “best bar” question depends on what role the bar plays in the athlete’s diet. The athlete should first ask themselves:

         

Are you looking for a meal replacement? Meal component? Or snack?

            When are you eating it? Pre-workout? Post-workout? Or some other time?

            What nutrients do you need more of – carbohydrates or protein?

           

Who knew picking out a bar could be so involved?!

For athletes, bars that provide enough calories to replace an entire meal are hard to come by. A male college athlete, for example, may need to consume upwards of 800 calories per meal. Would a meal replacement bar fill him up? Certainly not! For most active people, even those without extreme calorie needs, bars should more appropriately serve as additions to a meal, and contribute additional nutrients that are lacking in that meal. Every brand of bar contains different amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Some are even enriched with vitamins, minerals, and/or fiber. Here are some meal examples:

In this meal, the bar provides additional carbohydrate and fat:

-4 oz grilled chicken w/1 tbsp Italian dressing

-1 cup steamed vegetables

-8 oz low fat milk

-1 small apple

-1 package Nature Valley Oats ‘n Honey Granola Bar

 

In this meal, the bar provides additional carbohydrates, protein, and fat:

-6 oz fat free Greek yogurt

-1 cup roasted vegetables

-1/2 cup fruit salad

-1 small baked potato

-1 Kashi GoLean Roll bar

          Pre- and post-workout snacks should have a 3:1 or 4:1 ratio of carbohydrate to protein. Certain bars on their own can be used to achieve this ratio, or in addition other food. Bars used as snacks at other times of the day should be chosen based on calorie needs. For example, those looking to control body weight should choose bars that are high in fiber, and low in added sugar and calories. Below is a table of my favorite bars and their nutrient contents. It is important to remember that there is no “magical” bar (no matter what the health food store tells you) that will instantly turn you into an all-star athlete. Only the right combination of nutrition and training can do that! A registered dietitian can help you plan meals and snacks with the right bars for your calorie needs, taste buds, and schedule.

 

	Calories	Carbohydrate (g)	Protein (g)	Fat (g)	Fiber (g)	Other nutrients*
Nature Valley Oats ‘n Honey Bar	190	29	4	6	2	Small amount of Iron
Kashi GoLean Roll Bar	190	27	12	5	6	Good source of 5 vitamins & minerals; moderate amount of 4 vitamins & minerals; small amount of potassium
Luna Bar	170	27	8	5	5	Good source 19 vitamins & minerals; moderate amount of 5 vitamins & minerals; small amount of potassium
Clif Bar	230	44	9	3.5	5	Good source of 8 vitamins & minerals; Moderate amount of 14 vitamins & minerals, small amounts of chromium & potassium
Soy Joy	130	16	4	6	2	Small amounts of potassium, vit A, calcium, & iron
Power Bar Performance Energy Bar	230	45	8	3.5	2	Good source of vit C, calcium, & iron; moderate amount of thiamin & riboflavin, small amount of potassium
Nature Valley Trail Mix Bar	140	25	3	4	3	Small amount of iron
Kind Bar	180	23	3	10	2.5	Moderate amount of vit C & calcium; small amount of iron

*Small amount = <10% of daily value

 Moderate amount = > 10-20% daily value

 Good source of = > 20% daily value